George W. Forbes Papers
Collection
Call Number: MS Am.282
Scope and Contents
This collection consists of correspondence sent to George W. Forbes, as well as typescript drafts of 18 biographies of eminent Black historical figures that Forbes wrote. Also inlcuded are several letters addressed to Elizabeth H. Forbes in the years following her husband's death, and several issues of The Voice and The Crisis.
The correspondence in the collection reflects Forbes’ work as a writer and scholar, particularly with respect to his biographical research. Individual letters document his working methods, the reception of his articles, and his relationships with other librarians, scholars, and public figures. Forbes’ correspondents include Arturo Schomburg, W.E.B. Du Bois, Anderson R. Abbott, John R. Lynch, and Theodore Roosevelt, among others.
Forbes’ biographical writings summarize the lives and accomplishments of William G. Allen, Benjamin Banneker, Edward M. Bannister, George A.P. Bridgewater, Daniel Coker, Alexander Crummell, Paul Cuffee, George F. Grant, George M. Horton, William Cooper Nell, William P. Powell, John S. Rock, Elijah W. Smith, James McCune Smith, James Monroe Trotter, David Walker, George W. Williams, and Peter Williams. An example of Forbes' poetry is included in the 1906 November issue of The Voice.
The correspondence in the collection reflects Forbes’ work as a writer and scholar, particularly with respect to his biographical research. Individual letters document his working methods, the reception of his articles, and his relationships with other librarians, scholars, and public figures. Forbes’ correspondents include Arturo Schomburg, W.E.B. Du Bois, Anderson R. Abbott, John R. Lynch, and Theodore Roosevelt, among others.
Forbes’ biographical writings summarize the lives and accomplishments of William G. Allen, Benjamin Banneker, Edward M. Bannister, George A.P. Bridgewater, Daniel Coker, Alexander Crummell, Paul Cuffee, George F. Grant, George M. Horton, William Cooper Nell, William P. Powell, John S. Rock, Elijah W. Smith, James McCune Smith, James Monroe Trotter, David Walker, George W. Williams, and Peter Williams. An example of Forbes' poetry is included in the 1906 November issue of The Voice.
Dates
- 1900-1936
Creator
Language of Materials
Materials in English.
Conditions Governing Access
The collection is open for research.
Conditions Governing Use
Items in this collection may be subject to copyright restrictions. In most cases, the Boston Public Library does not hold the copyright to the items in our collections. It is the sole responsibility of the user to make their own determination about what types of usage might be permissible under U.S. and international copyright law.
George W. Forbes (1864-1927)
George W. Forbes (George Washington Forbes) was a journalist, civil rights advocate, librarian, and scholar who was for many years a prominent voice in two of Boston’s earliest Black newspapers -- The Boston Courant and The Guardian. He was a member of the Massachusetts Racial Protective Association and played an ancillary role in the founding of the Niagara Movement, which was a forerunner of the NAACP. In 1896, he became the first Black librarian in the Boston Public Library system.
Forbes was born in 1864 in Shannon, Mississippi, to William and Sarah Forbes, both of whom had been emancipated from slavery the prior year. At the age of 14, he moved to Ohio, where he studied at Wilberforce University. In the mid-1880s, he moved to Boston, eventually working to support himself as a laborer at Harvard University before enrolling at Amherst College, from which he graduated in 1892. He edited The Boston Courant from 1892 through 1897. In 1901, Forbes co-founded The Guardian with William Monroe Trotter. He left the paper in 1903, but continued to write, publishing articles and reviews in The Crisis, the Springfield Republican, the A.M.E Church Review, and the Boston Transcript, while also working to compile biographies of eminent Black historical figures, which he planned to publish in a book. He married Elizabeth Harley, of Kingston, New York, in November, 1900.
In 1896, while he was still editing The Boston Courant, Forbes was hired into the first cohort of librarians to staff the Boston Public Library’s newly-opened West End branch. He would go on to work at the branch for more than 30 years. Over the course of his career at the BPL, Forbes garnered a reputation for mentorship to generations of young readers in the Black, Jewish, and European immigrant communities of the city’s old West End. After his death in 1927, Forbes was eulogized in both the local and national press, including in the Jewish Daily Forward, where he was remembered for the years of service he had rendered, through his librarianship, to Boston’s Jewish community.
Forbes was born in 1864 in Shannon, Mississippi, to William and Sarah Forbes, both of whom had been emancipated from slavery the prior year. At the age of 14, he moved to Ohio, where he studied at Wilberforce University. In the mid-1880s, he moved to Boston, eventually working to support himself as a laborer at Harvard University before enrolling at Amherst College, from which he graduated in 1892. He edited The Boston Courant from 1892 through 1897. In 1901, Forbes co-founded The Guardian with William Monroe Trotter. He left the paper in 1903, but continued to write, publishing articles and reviews in The Crisis, the Springfield Republican, the A.M.E Church Review, and the Boston Transcript, while also working to compile biographies of eminent Black historical figures, which he planned to publish in a book. He married Elizabeth Harley, of Kingston, New York, in November, 1900.
In 1896, while he was still editing The Boston Courant, Forbes was hired into the first cohort of librarians to staff the Boston Public Library’s newly-opened West End branch. He would go on to work at the branch for more than 30 years. Over the course of his career at the BPL, Forbes garnered a reputation for mentorship to generations of young readers in the Black, Jewish, and European immigrant communities of the city’s old West End. After his death in 1927, Forbes was eulogized in both the local and national press, including in the Jewish Daily Forward, where he was remembered for the years of service he had rendered, through his librarianship, to Boston’s Jewish community.
Elizabeth H. Forbes (1865-1942)
Elizabeth H. Forbes was born Mary Elizabeth Harley in 1865 in Kingston, New York, to William Hanson G. Harley and Cordelia “Delia” Harley. Her grandfather, Thomas Harley, had been active in the Underground Railroad and her father, William H.G. Harley, a barber, was a veteran of the Union Navy and a prominent resident of Kingston. Forbes was a trained musician and a graduate of Kingston Academy. In 1907, she helped to organize the third annual meeting of the Niagara Movement, which took place in Boston. In 1909, Elizabeth Forbes was elected President of the Mrs. John A. Andrew Tent 1, Dorchester, of the Daughters of Union Veterans of the Civil War, and she was an early member of and served as secretary for the League of Women for Community Service (LWCS) in Boston. After the death of her husband, George W. Forbes, she worked at the Boston Public Library.
Extent
.23 Cubic Feet (1 box)
Arrangement
Arranged in three series: Correspondence to George W. Forbes, 1900-1927, Correspondence to Elizabeth H. Forbes, 1927-1936, George W. Forbes research files and writings, 1900-1927.
Immediate Source of Acquisition
Gift of Elizabeth H. Forbes, circa 1936-1942.
General
The following resources were consulted in writing the biographical notes for George W. Forbes and Elizabeth H. Forbes.
Biographical Record of the Alumni and Non-Graduates of Amherst College, (Classes ‘72-’96), edited by William Lewis Montague. Amherst: Carpenter & Morehouse, 1901.
Hopkins, Pauline E. Daughter of the Revolution: the Major Nonfiction Works of Pauline E. Hopkins, edited by Ira Dworkin. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2002.
Rosenberg, Charles. “George Washington Forbes.” In African American National Biography, edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Evelyn Brooks-Higginbothom. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Rummel, Jack. African American Social Leaders and Activists. New York: Facts on File, 2003.
Processing Information
Formerly part of the MS Am collection of manuscripts.
Materials in this collection were preliminarily cataloged in the 2020 American Manuscripts Collection retrospective conversion project (AM1), and added to the electronic catalog from catalog cards or earlier typed lists of manuscripts. Item descriptions were then converted to a finding aid to ease access to complete collections and materials with shared provenance.
Select material in this collection was digitized from microfilm. The digitized content may not represent the full contents of the collection.
Materials in this collection were preliminarily cataloged in the 2020 American Manuscripts Collection retrospective conversion project (AM1), and added to the electronic catalog from catalog cards or earlier typed lists of manuscripts. Item descriptions were then converted to a finding aid to ease access to complete collections and materials with shared provenance.
Select material in this collection was digitized from microfilm. The digitized content may not represent the full contents of the collection.
Processing Information
This electronic finding aid is transcribed from legacy data. In many cases, transcriptions were not verified against collection materials at the time of transcription. As a result, this finding aid could be incomplete and might only reflect a partial understanding of the material.
Statement on harmful description
Archival description reflects the biases of time periods and cultures in which it was created and may include direct quotations or descriptions that use inappropriate or harmful language. Creator provided descriptions may be maintained in order to preserve the context in which the collection was created and/or used. Legacy description and potentially offensive content may be made available online until a collection can be reprocessed because the access that they provide to primary source materials is uniquely valuable to the research community at large. Our efforts to repair outdated descriptions and to describe our collections more equitably are iterative and ongoing.
- Abbott, Anderson Ruffin, 1832-1913
- African American authors
- African American civil rights workers
- African American educators
- African American historians
- African American journalists
- African American librarians
- African American men -- Biography
- African American newspaper editors
- African American newspapers
- African American women
- African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 19th century
- African Americans -- Civil rights -- History -- 20th century
- African Americans and libraries
- Allen, William G., active 1849-1853
- Banneker, Benjamin, 1731-1806
- Bannister, Edward Mitchell, 1828-1901
- Biographies (literary works)
- Boston Public Library. West End Branch
- Bridgetower, George Augustus Polgreen
- Civil rights workers -- United States
- Coker, Daniel, 1780-1846
- Crummell, Alexander, 1819-1898
- Cuffe, Paul, 1759-1817
- Cundall, Frank, 1858-1937
- Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt), 1868-1963
- Grant, George F. (George Franklin), 1846-1910
- Horton, George Moses, 1798?-approximately 1880
- Judah, G. F. (George Fortunatus)
- Librarians -- Massachusetts -- Boston
- Little, George Thomas, 1857-1915
- Lynch, John Roy, 1847-1939
- Miller, Elizabeth Smith, 1822-1911
- Murray, Daniel Alexander Payne, 1852-1925
- Murray, Freeman Henry Morris, 1859-1950
- Nell, William C. (William Cooper), 1816-1874
- Powell, William P.
- Public libraries -- Massachusetts -- Boston
- Ransom, Reverdy C. (Reverdy Cassius), 1861-1959
- Research notes
- Rock, John S. (John Sweat), 1825-1866
- Roman, C. V. (Charles Victor), 1864-
- Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919
- Schomburg, Arthur Alfonso, 1874-1938
- Smith, Elijah W. (Elijah William), 1830-1895
- Smith, James McCune, 1813-1865
- Stanard, William Glover, 1859-1933
- Trotter, James M., 1842-1892
- United States -- Race relations
- Venable, F. P. (Francis Preston), 1856-1934
- Walker, David, 1785-1830
- Ward, Samuel Ringgold, 1817-
- Williams, George Washington, 1849-1891
- Williams, Peter, Jr., 1780?-1840
- correspondence
Creator
- Title
- Guide to the George W. Forbes Papers
- Status
- Under Revision
- Author
- Jay Moschella and Eve Neiger
- Date
- 2021 April
- Description rules
- Describing Archives: A Content Standard
- Language of description
- English
- Script of description
- Latin
About this library
Part of the Boston Public Library Archives & Special Collections Repository
